Loop Diuretic Use in Patients with Acute Diagnosis of Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Heart Failure: A Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events and Complications

Abstract

This research was deemed noteworthy since the occurrence of adverse events linked to the use of loop 
diuretics is on the rise per individual. The purpose of this research was to examine the potential side effects of 
loop diuretics used to treat patients with acute heart failure or left ventricular failure (ADHF/LVF), including 
arrhythmia, hyponatremia, and renal impairment. The research was planned at the tertiary care hospital's 
cardiology and nephrology departments and is a single-center retrospective observational study. We gathered 
information from the patients' medical records. After that, the findings were obtained and adjusted using 
statistical analysis and detailed analysis. The most significant side effects were low potassium and sodium 
levels, as well as renal failure and cardiac dysregulation. There were 97 cases of arrhythmia (38.04% of the 
total), 115 cases of hyponatremia (45.10%), and 43 cases of acute kidney injury (16.86%) related to the 
adverse event. To name a few examples of diuretic-related adverse medication reactions: allergic rashes, 
stomach pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, muscular spasms, and restlessness. After 
stomach pain (five cases, or 12.20%), allergic rashes (24 cases, or 58.54% of the total) were the most 
prevalent side effect. The research found that patients with heart failure who used non-potassium sparing 
diuretics were more likely to die from adverse events, whereas those who took potassium supplements had 
better results