Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
type: channel
description: Editor- In-Chief : Prof. Mariam B. Sticklen Title proper : Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences (IAJPB) Issn : 2347-2251 Subject : Pharma and Sciences Publisher : Unicorn Publishers Dates of publication : 2011 Frequency : Quarterly Language : English Country : India Medium : Online Indexed by : CROSSREF Indexed by : ROAD Indexed by : THE KEEPERS Title DOI of the Journal: http://doi.org/10.62646/issn.2347-2251
publisher: Unicorn Publications
language: en
publication name: Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
issn: 2347-2251
items: Smart Dentures: Application of QR Code Technology in Prosthodontics – A Case Report
items: Evaluation of Haridra Khanda as a Safe and Effective Therapy for Urticaria: A Single arm study
items: Comparative Study on Haematobio chemical Alterations in Sheep with Respiratory Afflictions Reared under Organized and Unorganized Farming Systems
items: Recent Advances in the Biological Studies of Iron and Vanadium Schiff Base Complexes: A Comparative Review
items: Comparative Review on the Antimicrobial Properties of Vanadium, Copper, and Nickel Complexes
items: Invasive Insect Species Management Strategies
items: Analysis of Gut Microbial Communities in Telescopium telescopium from Coastal Mangrove Regions
items: Role of Telescopium telescopium as a bioindicator of Heavy Metal Pollution in Punnakayal Mangroves
items: Early Prosthetic Intervention Using a Feeding Obturator in a Newborn with Soft Palate Cleft: A Case Report
items: A CLINICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF PLANTAGO MAJOR IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS IN PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
items: IMPACT OF CHRONIC INSOMNIA ON QUALITY OF LIFE A NARRATIVE REVIEW
items: MIGRAINE WITHOUT AURA – A REVIEW
items: Comparative Evaluation of Visual and Surgical Outcomes of Phacoemulsification versus Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in Age-Related Cataract Patients
items: Pharmacological and Phytochemical Screening of Annona Squamosa L. for Anti-Ulcer Activity
items: HYPERLIPIDEMIA & IT’S HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT
items: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS – A REVIEW
items: GOUT – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
items: A Computed Tomography-based Morphometric Analysis of Lumbar Vertebrae with Respect to Gender
items: EFFECTS OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA ALLELOCHEMICALS ON CARBOHYDRATE DYNAMICS IN COASTAL VEGETATION.
items: Saliva: A Versatile Diagnostic Tool for Health Assessment
items: Creation and Use of the Spectrophotometric Method for Cefacolor Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations
items: A single- center retrospective cohort research examined the actual relationship between therapeutic drug monitoring and the antifungal medication posaconazole's clinical results
items: Investigating Tropheryma whipplei murE protein inhibitors using pharmacoinformatic techniques that include formulation insights that improve solubility
items: Cefaclor in Biological Fluid: A Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Assay
items: Pharm Tok: Evaluating the Efficacy of Student-Created TikTok videos in Enhancing Pharmacological Education
items: Integration of Biomarkers in Predicting Severe Withdrawal
items: A Comprehensive Legal and Clinical Examination of lncestuous Behavior in Male lndividu6lS
items: Synergistic Polyherbal Blend for Improving Cognitive Function and Psychological Well-Being
items: Interaction Between CYP3A4 Regulators and New EGF
items: Advancement in Hyphenated Techniques: LC-MS and Beyond in Pharmaceutical Quality Control

Smart Dentures: Application of QR Code Technology in Prosthodontics – A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Denture identification is an essential component of prosthodontic practice, particularly in geriatric patients and forensic scenarios. Conventional identification methods are often limited by inadequate information storage, poor durability, and accessibility issues. Quick Response (QR) codes represent a modern digital solution capable of storing large amounts of data and enabling rapid retrieval. Case Presentation: A geriatric edentulous patient was rehabilitated with complete dentures fabricated using conventional techniques. A QR code containing patient identification details and a geolocation link to the patient’s residence was generated, laminated, and embedded in the posterior palatal seal region of the maxillary denture. The code was sealed with clear acrylic resin to ensure durability. Upon scanning, the QR code provided instant access to patient data and navigation to the patient’s home address. Conclusion: QR code–embedded dentures offer a reliable, economical, and innovative method for denture identification, enhancing patient safety and providing significant forensic and medico-legal benefits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Denture identification,
  topic: keywords
subject: QR code, Smart denture
  topic: keywords
subject: Forensic dentistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital prosthodontics
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Sheetal Hargunani
creator: Dr Bhushan Wankhade
creator: Dr Aparna Barabde
creator: Dr Bhagyashri Thombare
creator: Dr Revati Bhuibhar
creator: Dr Dnyanal Pande
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 117
ending page: 123
doi: 10.62646/

Evaluation of Haridra Khanda as a Safe and Effective Therapy for Urticaria: A Single arm study
type: item
description: Background: Urticaria, clinically correlated with Sheetapitta, Udarda, and Kotha in Ayurveda, is a recurrent inflammatory dermatosis characterized by transient wheals, pruritus, and variable systemic involvement. Chronic cases often show relapsing patterns and incomplete response to conventional therapy. Haridrakhanda, a classical Ayurvedic formulation indicated in allergic dermatoses, has been traditionally used in such conditions; however, systematic clinical evaluation remains limited. The present study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Haridrakhanda in patients with urticaria through detailed clinical and laboratory evaluation. Materials and Methods: A clinical therapeutic study was conducted on 20 diagnosed cases of urticaria. Haridrakhanda was administered orally in a dose of 15 g daily in three divided doses for a duration of 2–3 weeks. Assessment parameters included regression of lesions, relief in symptoms such as pruritus and erythema, eosinophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fractional test meal analysis for free hydrochloric acid, and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. Pre- and post-treatment values were statistically analyzed to determine therapeutic significance. Results: Among chronic cases, 70.6% achieved complete clinical remission, while 23.6% showed marked improvement. Significant reduction in mean eosinophil count was observed (P < 0.05), along with a highly significant decrease in ESR (P < 0.005). Patients with baseline hypochlorhydria demonstrated highly significant elevation in free hydrochloric acid levels across all sampling intervals (P < 0.001), indicating restoration of gastric secretory function. Improvement in T-wave abnormalities on ECG was noted in the majority of responsive cases. No cases of clinical deterioration or significant adverse reactions were observed during therapy. Conclusion: Haridrakhanda demonstrated significant clinical and laboratory improvement in urticaria, particularly in chronic cases. T…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urticaria
  topic: keywords
subject: Haridra Khanda,
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic spontaneous urticaria,
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunomodulatory therapy,
  topic: keywords
subject: Eosinophil count
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sanket Milind Patel
creator: Dr. Prasan V. Joshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 116
doi: 10.62646/

Comparative Study on Haematobio chemical Alterations in Sheep with Respiratory Afflictions Reared under Organized and Unorganized Farming Systems
type: item
description: Respiratory diseases are among the major health problems affecting sheep production worldwide leading to significant economic loss due poor growth and reduced productivity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare hematobiochemical alterations in sheep suffering from respiratory afflictions reared under organized and unorganized farming system. The present study was conducted in five organized and ten unorganized farms comprising healthy and respiratory affected sheep. Clinical examination was carried out based on respiratory signs such as coughing, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, pyrexia and abnormal lung sounds. Blood samples were collected for hematobiochemical analyses for different hematology and biochemical parameters. Respiratory disease affected sheep exhibited significant alterations in hemtobiochermical parameters characterized by decreased Hb, TEC and PCV values along with increased TLC and neutrophil counts compared to healthy controls. Biochemical analysis revealed hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated globulin levels and increased AST and ALT activities in affected animals. The alterations were more pronounced in sheep reared under unorganized farming systems, indicating the influence of poor housing, inadequate nutrition, improper ventilation and higher environmental stress on disease severity. The study concluded that respiratory afflictions markedly affect haematological and biochemical profiles in sheep, with greater severity observed in unorganized farming systems. Hematobiochemical parameters may serve as valuable indicators for diagnosis, assessment of disease severity and formulation of effective management strategies for respiratory diseases in sheep.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sheep,
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory afflictions,
  topic: keywords
subject: Hematobio chemical alterations
  topic: keywords
subject: Organized farming system,
  topic: keywords
subject: Unorganized farming system
  topic: keywords
creator: Manoj H. R
creator: Kavitha Rani B
creator: Manjunatha S. S
creator: Ravikumar P
creator: Arun S. J
creator: Patel Suresh Revanna
creator: Prashanth Suresh Bagalkote
creator: Madhava Prasad C. B
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-27
publication date: 2026-05-27
starting page: 85
ending page: 103
doi: 10.62646/

Recent Advances in the Biological Studies of Iron and Vanadium Schiff Base Complexes: A Comparative Review
type: item
description: Schiff base metal complexes have gained considerable attention in recent years because of their diverse biological activities and potential pharmaceutical applications. Among transition metal complexes, iron and vanadium Schiff base complexes are widely investigated due to their remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and catalytic properties. The coordination of Schiff base ligands with iron and vanadium enhances the stability, bioavailability, and biological effectiveness of these compounds. Iron Schiff base complexes are recognized for their low toxicity, redox behavior, and significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, whereas vanadium Schiff base complexes exhibit excellent insulin-mimetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that these complexes interact effectively with microbial cell membranes, enzymes, and DNA, leading to inhibition of microbial growth and cellular damage. Comparative investigations reveal that vanadium complexes generally show stronger antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, while iron complexes possess better antioxidant potential and biocompatibility. The present review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, biological properties, and antimicrobial applications of iron and vanadium Schiff base complexes, with emphasis on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and future prospects in medicinal chemistry and drug development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Schiff base complexes,
  topic: keywords
subject: Iron complexes,
  topic: keywords
subject: Vanadium complexes
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial activity,
  topic: keywords
subject: biological applications.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.R.Jeevi Esther Rathnakumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
starting page: 67
ending page: 84
doi: 10.62646/

Comparative Review on the Antimicrobial Properties of Vanadium, Copper, and Nickel Complexes
type: item
description: The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens has created an urgent demand for alternative antimicrobial agents with improved efficacy and novel mechanisms of action. Transition metal complexes have attracted considerable attention in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities and unique coordination properties. Among various transition metals, vanadium, copper, and nickel complexes have demonstrated significant antimicrobial potential against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens. This review comparatively evaluates the antimicrobial properties of vanadium, copper, and nickel complexes with emphasis on their mechanisms of action, ligand interactions, and biological activities. Vanadium complexes primarily exhibit antimicrobial effects through enzyme inhibition and oxidative stress induction, whereas copper complexes possess strong antimicrobial efficacy due to reactive oxygen species generation and membrane disruption. Nickel complexes, particularly Schiff base derivatives, also demonstrate promising antibacterial and antifungal activities through enhanced biomolecular interactions. The review further discusses the influence of ligand systems, coordination geometry, and oxidation states on antimicrobial performance. Comparative interpretations of microbial susceptibility, inhibition mechanisms, and therapeutic potential are summarized to provide insight into the role of transition metal complexes as promising alternatives for combating antimicrobial resistance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vanadium complexes,
  topic: keywords
subject: Copper complexes
  topic: keywords
subject: Nickel complexes,
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial activity,
  topic: keywords
subject: Transition metal complexes
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.R.Jeevi Esther Rathnakumari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-23
publication date: 2026-05-23
starting page: 52
ending page: 66
doi: 10.62646/

Invasive Insect Species Management Strategies
type: item
description: Invasive insect species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, and human health. Their introduction beyond native habitats—primarily through international trade, climate change, and anthropogenic activities—has accelerated in recent decades, leading to ecological imbalance and economic losses. These species often exhibit high reproductive rates, adaptability, and absence of natural predators, allowing them to outcompete native organisms and disrupt ecosystem functioning. The management of invasive insect species is therefore a critical component of sustainable environmental governance. This chapter explores comprehensive management strategies employed to control invasive insect populations, focusing on prevention, early detection, monitoring, and integrated control approaches. Prevention remains the most cost-effective strategy, emphasizing strict quarantine regulations, biosecurity measures, and public awareness. Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) systems are crucial in minimizing establishment and spread. Advanced tools such as remote sensing, molecular diagnostics, and geographic information systems (GIS) have enhanced surveillance capabilities. Control strategies are categorized into mechanical, chemical, biological, and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. Biological control, involving the use of natural enemies such as parasitoids, predators, and pathogens, has shown promising results with minimal environmental impact. However, chemical control remains widely used despite concerns regarding resistance development and non-target effects. Recent innovations, including genetic control methods and sterile insect techniques (SIT), offer sustainable alternatives. The chapter also discusses case studies of successful invasive insect management programs worldwide, highlighting lessons learned and future directions. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary collaboration, policy frameworks, and community participation. Eff…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. S. Peer Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 26
ending page: 51
doi: 10.62646/

Analysis of Gut Microbial Communities in Telescopium telescopium from Coastal Mangrove Regions
type: item
description: Telescopium telescopium is a common mangrove gastropod that plays an important role in organic matter decomposition. This study aims to analyze the gut microflora of Telescopium telescopium and its functional significance. Specimens were collected from mangrove habitats, and git contents were examined using standard microbiological techniques.the results revealed the presence of diverse microbial populations, including bacteria involved in the digestion of complex organic materials. These microorganisms help in nutrient absorption and support the host’s survival mangrove environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Telescopium telescopium
  topic: keywords
subject: Gut microflora
  topic: keywords
subject: Decomposition
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Jenivi
creator: Dr. R.D. Thilaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-26
publication date: 2024-03-26
starting page: 28
ending page: 55
doi: 10.62646/

Role of Telescopium telescopium as a bioindicator of Heavy Metal Pollution in Punnakayal Mangroves
type: item
description: The present study investigates the heavy metal accumulation in Telescopium telescopium collected from the Punnakayal mangrove ecosystem. The analysis focused on three major heavy metals, namely Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg), over a period from January 2018 to December 2018.Specimens were collected periodically, and the concentration of heavy metals in the tissues was analyzed using standard analytical techniques. The results revealed the presence of all three heavy metals in varying concentrations, indicating bioaccumulation in Telescopium telescopium. Among the metals studied, Lead showed comparatively higher accumulation, followed by Cadmium and Mercury.The variation in metal concentration may be attributed to seasonal changes and environmental factors in the mangrove ecosystem. The findings suggest that Telescopium telescopium can serve as a potential bioindicator for monitoring heavy metal pollution in mangrove habitats.This study provides baseline data on heavy metal contamination and highlights the ecological significance of gastropods in environmental assessment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioaccumulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioindicator
  topic: keywords
subject: Punnakayal mangrove ecosystem
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. A. Jenivi
creator: Dr R.D. Thilaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 01
ending page: 25
doi: 10.62646/

Early Prosthetic Intervention Using a Feeding Obturator in a Newborn with Soft Palate Cleft: A Case Report
type: item
description: Cleft palate is a congenital craniofacial anomaly that disrupts the separation between the oral and nasal cavities, resulting in significant feeding difficulties during the neonatal period. In infants, the inability to generate adequate negative pressure for suckling often leads to poor weight gain, nasal regurgitation, and increased risk of aspiration. Early prosthetic intervention in the form of a feeding obturator provides functional separation of the cavities, thereby improving feeding efficiency and supporting overall growth until surgical correction is possible. This case report describes the prosthetic management of a 4-day-old neonate diagnosed with an isolated cleft of the soft palate. A feeding obturator was fabricated using a safe neonatal impression technique and heat-cured acrylic resin. The appliance significantly improved suckling and eliminated nasal regurgitation during feeding. Early intervention with a feeding obturator can serve as an effective temporary measure to enhance feeding, reduce complications, and provide essential support to the infant and caregivers prior to definitive palatal repair.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Soft palate cleft
  topic: keywords
subject: Cleft palate
  topic: keywords
subject: Feeding obturator
  topic: keywords
subject: Neonatal prosthesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Infant feeding
  topic: keywords
subject: Craniofacial anomaly
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Bhushan Krishna Chalmela
creator: Dr. Ulhas Tandale
creator: Dr. Kishor Mahale
creator: Dr. Smita Khalikar
creator: Dr. Vilas Rajguru
creator: Dr. Sonali Mahajan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Bhushan Krishna Chalmela, Dr. Ulhas Tandale, Dr. Kishor Mahale (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 32
ending page: 38
doi: 10.62646/

A CLINICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF PLANTAGO MAJOR IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS IN PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
type: item
description: Nocturnal enuresis (NE), commonly known as bedwetting, is a frequent pediatric condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep beyond the age of expected bladder control. It has a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, developmental, hormonal, and psychological factors. The urinary system plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis, and disturbances in its function contribute to enuresis. Homoeopathy offers a holistic, individualized approach, with Plantago major being one of the commonly indicated remedies. This review compiles literature on anatomy, physiology, epidemiology, patho- genesis, & homoeopathic management of NE, highlighting the scope for further research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nocturnal enuresis (NE),
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Neeraja Kumar
creator: Dr. K.R. Binisha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 76
ending page: 80
doi: 10.62646/

IMPACT OF CHRONIC INSOMNIA ON QUALITY OF LIFE A NARRATIVE REVIEW
type: item
description: Chronic insomnia is a widespread sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep, which significantly impairs health burden in various aspects of an individual's quality of life (QoL). Insomnia has profound effects on physical, psychological, occupational, and social domains. This narrative review aims to explore and synthesize existing literature on the multidimensional impact of chronic insomnia on quality of life which highlighting the extents of impairment and the importance of early recognition and comprehensive management. Relevant peer-reviewed studies, clinical guidelines, and epidemiological data were reviewed to assess the relationship between chronic insomnia and QoL parameters using certain tools such as the SF-36 and Quality of Life Scale for Insomnia (QOL-I). Chronic insomnia is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction, mental health disorders (particularly depression and anxiety), cognitive impairments, and reduced work and social performance. Individuals with insomnia consistently report significantly lower scores on QoL assessments compared to healthy sleepers. Evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in improving sleep quality and restoring overall well-being.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic insomnia,
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. M. Nawas
creator: Dr. Shilpa Prasad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 65
ending page: 75
doi: 10.62646/

MIGRAINE WITHOUT AURA – A REVIEW
type: item
description: Migraine without aura is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders worldwide and represents the most common subtype of migraine. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of unilateral, throbbing headache often associated with nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. These attacks significantly impair physical functioning, emotional wellbeing, and overall quality of life. Despite advances in conventional medicine, many patients continue to experience frequent recurrences and adverse drug effects. This has led to increasing interest in complementary systems such as homoeopathy. Homoeopathy approaches migraine as a manifestation of an underlying constitutional imbalance and emphasizes individualized treatment based on totality of symptoms. Boger Boenninghausen’s Characteristics Repertory (BBCR) plays an important role in remedy selection by emphasizing modalities, concomitants, and characteristic symptoms. This review article discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of migraine without aura, with special emphasis on the homoeopathic approach using BBCR and its impact on quality of life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Homoeopathy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Isaac Kirubagaran
creator: Dr. Esther Deva Ramya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 59
ending page: 64
doi: 10.62646/

Comparative Evaluation of Visual and Surgical Outcomes of Phacoemulsification versus Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in Age-Related Cataract Patients
type: item
description: Age-related cataract is considered as one of the major causes of preventable blindness in the world. Surgical interventions are the best way of restoring vision, and the most popular types of surgical procedures include the phacoemulsification type and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Age-related cataract,
  topic: keywords
creator: Nivas Kumar Jha
creator: Ravinder Kumar
creator: Diwakar Vats
creator: Akhilesh Kumar
creator: Harnarain Singh
creator: Raj Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 35
ending page: 58
doi: 10.62646/

Pharmacological and Phytochemical Screening of Annona Squamosa L. for Anti-Ulcer Activity
type: item
description: This study investigates the anti-ulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Annona squamosa L. against Aspirin induced ulcer. Gastric ulcer disease is caused byan imbalance between mucosal defense factors and injurious factors, such as acid and pepsin. Ulcers caused by pylorus ligation result from increased gastric acid and pepsin accumulation, leading to auto digestion of gastric mucosa and breaking down the gastric mucosal barrier. NSAIDs are frequently associated with peptic ulcers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PepticUlcer,
  topic: keywords
creator: Rachit Sharma
creator: Parveen Nisha
creator: Ram Darshan Parasar
creator: Ruchi Mishra
creator: Shubhi khare
creator: Durga Vishwakarma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
starting page: 25
ending page: 34
doi: 10.62646/

HYPERLIPIDEMIA & IT’S HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT
type: item
description: Hyperlipidaemia is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, or lipoproteins and is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and stroke. The global rise in hyperlipidaemia is closely linked to sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Conventional medical management emphasizes lifestyle modification and long-term pharmacotherapy, particularly statins, which may be associated with adverse effects and issues of compliance. Homoeopathy views hyperlipidaemia not merely as a biochemical abnormality but as a manifestation of disturbed vital force arising from chronic miasmatic influences and altered susceptibility.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hyperlipidaemia,
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. H. Venkatesan
creator: Dr. Baragada Sowjanya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 16
ending page: 24
doi: 10.62646/

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS – A REVIEW
type: item
description: Chronic bronchitis is a major phenotype within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent productive cough and airway inflammation leading to recurrent exacerbations, impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization. Despite advances in pharmacologic therapy, a substantial proportion of patients continue to experience symptom burden and adverse effects, prompting interest in complementary systems of medicine.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic bronchitis
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. H. Venkatesan
creator: Dr. Kalamata Vidhya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 9
ending page: 15
doi: 10.62646/

GOUT – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
type: item
description: Gout is a chronic crystal-induced inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints and periarticular tissues as a result of persistent hyperuricemia [1,2]. It is one of the most common forms of the inflammatory arthritis worldwide and has been recognized since ancient times, with descriptions dating back to Hippocrates [3]. Hyperuricemia is defined as a serum urate concentration exceeding the physiological saturation threshold of approximately 6.8 mg/dL, above which urate precipitates as crystals [4].
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: crystal-induced
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. H. Venkatesan
creator: Dr. Andalamala Nagasri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.62646/

A Computed Tomography-based Morphometric Analysis of Lumbar Vertebrae with Respect to Gender
type: item
description: Morphometric analysis of the lumbar vertebrae is crucial for spinal surgery planning, implant development, forensic identification, and anthropological studies. Vertebral dimensions can differ according to sex, age, ethnicity, and biomechanical factors, making it essential to understand these variations for optimal clinical and research outcomes
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lumbar vertebrae,
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha Gaur
creator: Dr Satyam Khare
creator: Dr Shilpi Jain
creator: Dr Mahesh Kumar Mittal
creator: Dr Avinash Rastogi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 18
ending page: 30
doi: 10.62646/iajpb.2026.v24.i01.pp19-30

EFFECTS OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA ALLELOCHEMICALS ON CARBOHYDRATE DYNAMICS IN COASTAL VEGETATION.
type: item
description: Allelochemical substances significantly influence the growth and survival of plants through positive and negative allelopathy, affecting nutrient competition and production. Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites not essential for the mother organism's growth, with negative effects crucial for defense against herbivores. The paper discusses the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata, highlighting its allelopathic properties and toxic effects on crops and livestock. Research focuses on the effects of its leaf extract and leachate on the biochemical parameters of coastal plants like Sonneratia alba and Salvadora persica, exploring carbohydrate metabolism related to reducing sugars, total sugars, starch, and overall carbohydrate content. Findings show that the leaf extract enhances carbohydrate contents, while the leachate negatively impacts growth, indicating potential for herbicide development from allelochemical characteristics of C. odorata. Leaf leachate of Chromolena odorata adversely effects on photosynthesis subsequently overall metabolism of influenced plants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Allelopathy,
  topic: keywords
subject: Chromolaena odorata,
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. (Dr.) U.L. Dethe
creator: Dr.V.T. Aparadh
creator: Dr. U. R. Pawar
creator: Dr. N. M. Desai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-10
publication date: 2026-02-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.62646/

Saliva: A Versatile Diagnostic Tool for Health Assessment
type: item
description: Given the tiny concentration of salivary ingredients, saliva is being investigated as a diagnostic tool. For health practitioners, monitoring a patient's health and illness state through saliva is a highly important aim. Because it also satisfies the need for a low-cost, non-invasive, and user-friendly screening technique. In comparison to serum and other biological fluids, it provides a cost-effective and non-invasive means of collection for tracking the advancement of disease and overall health. Saliva is used in research not only for tooth health but also for a number of other systemic conditions. Molecular techniques are becoming more and more popular, which has led to their use as sensitive and specific biomarkers in transcriptomics, proteomics, and genomics. Numerous elements present in these fluids can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of both local and systemic illnesses, including neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, and cancer diseases. The fundamentals of salivary diagnostic expectoration techniques and their use in a variety of local and systemic illnesses are covered in this abstract. The importance of salivary biomarkers as a diagnostic tool has been highlighted. When anything is awry, the human body has a special way of telling you about it. Through promoting health and delaying the progression of sickness, the chemicals found in bodily fluids can aid in the early diagnosis of illnesses. Better healthcare is made possible by these biomarkers, which are attracting a lot of attention from researchers. .. The future belongs to biosensors that can identify these biomarkers, particularly Point of Care (POC) biosensors that do not require a patient to be physically present in the hospital. We still have a ways to go in applying biosensors for the detection of complex and systemic diseases. Among bodily fluids, saliva-based biosensors are becoming more and more popular because of their non-invasive collection method, capacity to detect systemic disor…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Saliva
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic tool
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomarkers
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-invasive Systemic disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensors Point of Care
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19 testing
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancestry prediction Clinical application
  topic: keywords
creator: Mr. Farhan Patel
creator: Dr. Sonali Deore
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 14
ending page: 26
doi: 10.62646/

Creation and Use of the Spectrophotometric Method for Cefacolor Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulations
type: item
description: A simple, fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of cefaclor in pharmaceutical raw and dosage forms based on reaction with ninhydrin is developed, optimized and validated. The purple color (Ruhemenn’s purple) that resulted from the reaction was stabilized and measured at 560 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4-80 µg mL-1 with molar absorptivity of 1.42 × 105 L mole-1 cm-1. All variables including the reagent concentration, heating time, reaction temperature, color stability period, and cefaclor/ninhydrin ratio were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvant. The developed method is easy to use, accurate and highly cost-effective for routine studies relative to HPLC and other techniques.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: spectrophotometric
  topic: keywords
subject: Cefaclor
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmaceutical formulations.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.M.Kishore Babu
creator: Dr.M.Sravya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-02-21
publication date: 2025-02-21
starting page: 92
ending page: 99
doi: 10.62646/

A single- center retrospective cohort research examined the actual relationship between therapeutic drug monitoring and the antifungal medication posaconazole's clinical results
type: item
description: Patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) should take posaconazole as a first line of defense against invasive fungal disease (IFD). There is a lack of data on how therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) affects the prevention of IFD with posaconazole in retrospective investigations. Using real-world data, this research aimed to assess posaconazole's effectiveness, safety, and cost-efficiency in avoiding IFD. Methods: Researchers from Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, which is affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, looked at posaconazole as a fungal prevention treatment for HSCT patients in this retrospective cohort research. Based on their TDM status, patients were categorized into two groups: TDM and non-TDM. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to examine clinical data in order to better understand the function of TDM in posaconazole prevention. Conclusions: Following PSM, the prophylactic success rate was 100% in the TDM group compared to 52.9% in the non-TDM group (P = 0.003). Both groups had similar levels of gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney side effects (P > 0.05). When comparing the TDM group to the non-TDM group, we find that the former had reduced overall treatment costs and prescription costs. In conclusion, real-world data show that TDM modestly lowers treatment costs and improves posaconazole's efficacy in avoiding IFD in HSCT patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: posaconazole
  topic: keywords
subject: therapeutic drug monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: invasive fungal disease
  topic: keywords
subject: prophylactic antifungal therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.M.Kishore Babu
creator: Dr.M.Rajan
creator: Dr K Balaram Kumar
creator: Sri. L. Ramachandra Reddy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 32
ending page: 43
doi: 10.62646/

Investigating Tropheryma whipplei murE protein inhibitors using pharmacoinformatic techniques that include formulation insights that improve solubility
type: item
description: Weight loss, diarrhea, joint pain, fever, and possibly neurological symptoms are just a few of the symptoms that make diagnosing Tropheryma whipplei, the causative agent of Whipple illness, difficult. Treatment is made much more difficult by its resistance to fluoroquinolones. Because Tropheryma whipplei cannot be cultivated on axenic medium, conventional techniques for assessing antibiotic susceptibility are unsuccessful. Since no drug targets from this bacterium have been investigated to far, we investigated possible drug targets inside its core genome in order to address this. A potential candidate that has both resistance and drug target features is murE, an enzyme that is resistant to macrolides. Three interesting candidates were found after screening more than 1,000 lead-like Ayurvedic compounds against the target enzyme UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-tripeptide synthetase: (1) Ergost-5-en-3-ol (3beta,24xi), (2) [6]-Gingerdiol 3-monoacetate, and (3) Valtrate. Consistent binding strength rankings were obtained using DiffDock and GNINA rescoring. Stable interactions with these chemicals were established by molecular dynamics simulations conducted over a period of 100 nanoseconds. Low water solubility was found by ADMET analysis; however, solubility was enhanced by coupling with cyclodextrin SBE-β-CD. Valtrate had AMES toxicity, while none of the other chemicals shown hepatotoxic effects. Considering the positive characteristics, we suggest more in vitro/in vivo research on [6]-Gingerdiol 3-monoacetate as well as scaffold hopping. Our research addresses the constraints caused by antibiotic resistance and provides possible strategies for preventing T. whipplei infections.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tropheryma whipplei
  topic: keywords
subject: Whipple’s disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Ayurveda
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual screening
  topic: keywords
subject: MD simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.M.Kishore Babu
creator: S.Gowthami
creator: Dr M Vamshi Krishna
creator: N. Jansi Rani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 69
ending page: 91
doi: 10.62646/

Cefaclor in Biological Fluid: A Stability-Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Assay
type: item
description: Cefaclor may be broken down by oxidation, hydrolysis, and racemization when found in biological fluid. Moreover, a variety of factors, including pH, temperature, carbon dioxide, oxygen, light, humidity, and storage, might speed up this deterioration process. These steps are thus essential for determining the amount of cefaclor in biological fluids and for slowing down or stopping the degradation process when assaying is required. Samples were analyzed using the described technique either without pretreatment or after being treated with perchloric acid and protein precipitation. As an internal standard, sulphamethoxazole was used. Using a lichrospher RP-18 column and a mobile phase 80:20 v/v (potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.067M): methanol, pH 4.5), chromatographic separation was performed. Hexane-1-sulphonic acid sodium salt (0.002 M) was used as an ion pair, and the flow rate was 1.3 mL/min. A UV detector set at 265 nm was used to monitor cefaclor. It was discovered that pre-sample treatment with plasma protein precipitant and perchloric acid as an acidifying agent improved cefaclor stability. The limit of quantitation was calculated to be 0.25 μg/mL, and the calibration curve was shown to be linear in the 0.25–20 μg/mL range (r2 = 0.999). In conclusion, a reversed phase HPLC method for determining cefaclor in biological fluids was developed that is stability-indicating, accurate, precise, simple, and highly sensitive. It can be effectively utilized in bioequivalence studies and other pharmacokinetic evaluations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 0.25–20 μg/mL
  topic: keywords
subject: (r2 = 0.999)
  topic: keywords
subject: oxygen
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.M.Kishore Babu
creator: Sri. K. Srikanth
creator: Dr.K.Ashok
creator: Dr.Ch.Ajay Babu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
starting page: 22
ending page: 31
doi: 10.62646/

Pharm Tok: Evaluating the Efficacy of Student-Created TikTok videos in Enhancing Pharmacological Education
type: item
description: The popular social media app TikTok is an unproven educational tool for making and sharing short movies. This research delves at the ways that TikTok has affected drug-related learning in pharmacy schools. To find out if there are any changes, the research examined two groups. One group used standard learning tactics including textbooks and internet resources. The other group used the TikTok platform. Each group's performance was assessed using a multiple-choice exam. There is a statistically significant difference in academic achievement between the groups who used conventional methods of instruction and those that used TikTok as a learning tool, suggesting that the latter may be more effective. These findings give hope for the future of education by demonstrating the positive effects of integrating cutting-edge social media-based learning tools into more conventional classroom settings. This shows how important it is to look at many inspiring ways to teach students, especially in pharmacy school, how to learn better.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: TikTok
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacy education
  topic: keywords
subject: Distance learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Social media
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: M Kishore Babu
creator: T. Pavani
creator: D. Divyasri
creator: P. Krupa Rani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
starting page: 61
ending page: 68
doi: 10.62646/

Integration of Biomarkers in Predicting Severe Withdrawal
type: item
description: The complicated neurochemical basis and variable symptom intensity of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) make it a substantial therapeutic problem. Examining the pathophysiology prompted by neuroadaptive alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, this review delves into the factors that might foretell severe AWS. In order to properly manage AWS and avoid serious consequences like delirium tremens and seizures, it is crucial to identify the condition early and conduct appropriate assessments. In order to evaluate the severity of withdrawal and direct therapy, instruments such as the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) and the Total Severity Assessment Scale (TSA) are crucial. The treatment results are greatly affected by predictive criteria, such as the patient's alcohol use history, the existence of comorbid disorders, and their unique features. Improving patient outcomes requires a better knowledge of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) and its management, which may be achieved by early detection and intervention, as emphasized in this article.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Glutamate
  topic: keywords
subject: Tremors
  topic: keywords
subject: Seizures
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurochemical Imbalances
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Kishore Babu
creator: M. Jalaiah
creator: T.Santhi Priya
creator: G.Pitchaiah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-21
publication date: 2025-05-21
starting page: 53
ending page: 60
doi: 10.62646/

A Comprehensive Legal and Clinical Examination of lncestuous Behavior in Male lndividu6lS
type: item
description: The contentious topic of incest by males is discussed in this piece. Our goal was to draw attention to the fact that borderline or other personality characteristics, as well as early maladaptive cognitive schemas, do not directly define a man's incestuous predisposition, which develops into a sexual preference. The researchers chose 48 men who had a history of incestuous behavior. The students exhibited borderline personality characteristics and maladaptive cognitive schemas related to abandonment in 49% of the cases. The median age was 38.17 with a standard deviation of 9.24, and the mean educational level was 13.11 with a standard deviation of 1.71. Methods for data collection included administering the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory-III, the YSQ-L3a, and the PDQ, or Paraphilic Disorders Questionnaire. In most instances, there was an interaction between borderline personality characteristics and the abandonment cognitive schema, which was accompanied by significant correlations. The cognitive model of abandonment was not linked to the significant correlation that was found between incestuous inclinations and borderline symptoms. Neither the abandoning cognitive schema nor borderline qualities were shown to have predictive power in the factor analysis, nor was the interaction between the two. Sexual preferences that are out of the ordinary for a person's species may explain incestuous tendencies in males, rather than paraphilic or personality problems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Borderline
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive schemas
  topic: keywords
subject: Incest
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexual orientation
  topic: keywords
subject: Men
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Bhargavi
creator: D. Dhachinamoorthi
creator: T. Pavani
creator: N. Praveen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-18
publication date: 2024-07-18
starting page: 20
ending page: 27
doi: 10.62646/

Synergistic Polyherbal Blend for Improving Cognitive Function and Psychological Well-Being
type: item
description: Anxiety is becoming more common in a world that is becoming faster. Polyherbal, LCMS, UV, and mental health issues emphasize the need of maintaining cognitive function, as shown by visible and FTIR spectroscopy. Although complex biological, psychological, antioxidant, molecular, and environmental connections might cause mental disease, its exact causes are yet unknown. Traditional conventional medicine provides a range of treatments, but complementary and alternative therapies, like as neurotonics, are gaining recognition for their inherent therapeutic value in bolstering the nervous system and encouraging calm. Neuragreen, a unique K.P. Safna Hussan polyherbal nervinetonic, is introduced in this research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FTIR spectroscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: LCMS
  topic: keywords
subject: UV
  topic: keywords
subject: biological, psychological
  topic: keywords
creator: S.Gowthami
creator: D Dhachinamoorthi
creator: M. Indira
creator: P. Gangi Reddy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-20
publication date: 2024-06-20
starting page: 92
ending page: 115
doi: 10.62646/

Interaction Between CYP3A4 Regulators and New EGF
type: item
description: Context The primary pathologic form of lung cancer is non-small cell carcinoma, and several clinical studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosinase inhibitors are more clinically effective and less hazardous than chemotherapy. Nanjing Chuangte Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. created the third-generation EGFR inhibitor FHND9041, an irreversible EGFR T790M mutation-selective small molecule kinase inhibitor. This research sought to determine how oral Rifampicin and oral Itraconazole capsules affected the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and tolerability of a single oral dosage of FHND9041 capsules in healthy male Chinese participants. Patients and techniques A single-center, open-label, fixed-sequence design was used in this trial, with two parallel groups: Group 1 got 40 mg of FHND9041 together with itraconazole, while Group 2 received 80 mg of rifampicin. For a two-period trial, each group recruited 16 participants; the first period was monotherapy, while the second period involved co-administration. Every participant in this clinical study was a healthy adult male Chinese participant. Findings The corrected geometric mean ratios (90% CI) of FHND9041 Cmax, AUC0 − last, and AUC0 − inf in healthy subjects following a single oral administration of 40 mg FHND9041 capsules were 111.46% (103.26 − 120.30%), 169.53% (156.21 − 183.99%), and 168.25% (156.26 − 181.15%) in comparison to the monotherapy phase. Cmax's 90% confidence interval was within the 80–125% range.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FHND9041 capsules
  topic: keywords
subject: FHND9041 Cmax
  topic: keywords
subject: EGFR
  topic: keywords
creator: P. Chandra Sekhar
creator: K. Ashok
creator: T. Malyadri
creator: M.Vamshi Krishna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-11-19
publication date: 2023-11-19
starting page: 58
ending page: 72
doi: 10.62646/

Advancement in Hyphenated Techniques: LC-MS and Beyond in Pharmaceutical Quality Control
type: item
description: A paradigm shift in human health was ushered in with the advent of drugs. Only when delivered correctly and devoid of contaminants will these medications accomplish their goals. Over time, several chemical and instrumental approaches have been developed to estimate medications, allowing them to perform their intended function. It is necessary to identify and quantify these pharmaceutical impurities since they may occur at any point in the development, transit, or storage processes, making the pharmaceutical unsafe to administer. Analytical tools and techniques are crucial for this. Analytical instruments and methodologies are discussed in this study as they pertain to medication quality assessment. This study focuses on the methodologies and techniques used in the examination of medicines, including titrimetric, chromatographic, spectroscopic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical approaches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Analytical techniques
  topic: keywords
subject: Titrimetry
  topic: keywords
subject: Chromatography
  topic: keywords
subject: Spectroscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrochemical methods
  topic: keywords
creator: M Kishore Babu
creator: J.Dharuman
creator: S.Deepthi
creator: G.Raveendra Babu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
starting page: 37
ending page: 52
doi: 10.62646/