Examining the effects on several haematological parameters in healthy Wister albino rats after oral dose of bitter gourd seed protein hydrolysate produced from bromelain

Abstract

In northern Nigeria, momordica charantia has a long history of misuse as a treatment for diabetes, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, high fever, and even as a method of birth control. Eighty percent of people afflicted rely on traditional medicine, and the vast majority of them reside in rural regions with little access to contemporary medical facilities. The objective of this research was to assess the impact on several hematological parameters of orally administering better gourd seed protein hydrolysate generated from bromelain to healthy wister albino rats. The hydrolysis of improved gourd seed with the help of bromelain enzyme resulted in a protein hydrolysate. We weighted fifty (50) adult wister albino rats to determine their relative health. Oral administration of distilled water was carried out daily for twenty-eight (28) days in the normal control group. For twenty-eight (28) days, the following groups were given oral doses of bromelain-derived better gourd seed protein hydrolysate: T100, T200, T400, and T800. After the rats were humanely sacrificed, blood samples were taken through cervical dislocation. These samples were analyzed for various hematological parameters, including RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, platelets, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferases, and aspartate aminotransferases. To compare the means of several of the hemostatic measures, one-way analysis of variance was used. At dosages of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, it was shown that better gourd seed protein hydrolysate, which is generated from bromelain, increases the packed cell volume (PCV) and white blood cell (WBC) count compared to the normal control group. In comparison to the control group, those given a greater dosage of bromelain-derived bitter gourd seed protein hydrolysate (800 mg/kg body weight) had elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALAT and ASAT, respectively). Additionally, when comparing the groups treated with bromelain-derived better gourd seed protein hydrolysate to the normal control group, no significant changes were found in the following laboratory parameters: red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), platelet count (PLT), cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), urea, and creatinine. A possible harmful impact on the liver and hematopoietic system might be caused by the hydrolysate of better gourd seed protein, which is generated from bromelain. At large doses, it has the ability to elevate certain hematological markers, including WBC, PCV, ALAT, and ASAT.
Hematological parameters; healthy Wister albino rats; Momordica charantia; hydrolysate of bitter gourd seed protein produced from bromelain; medicinal plant.