Targeting Immune Checkpoints in Oncology: Advances and Limitations in Immunotherapeutic Strategies

Abstract

A serious worldwide health concern, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurring intestinal condition. IBD patients are more likely to acquire colorectal cancer (CRC), and new research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the pathophysiology of both IBD and CRC. The pathophysiology of IBD and CRC is reviewed, with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction. Pharmacological targets and approaches for treating these illnesses by altering mitochondrial activity are also examined. A detailed summary is also provided of current developments in the pharmacological manipulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for the treatment of IBD and CRC, including mitochondrial damage, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, and mitophagy impairment.